• EXAMPLES OF TYPES SENTENCES:

• DECLARATIVE	Makes a statement. It ends with a period.	Rice is a popular food.
  INTERROGATIVE	Asks a question. It ends in a question mark.	Are there many rice farmers in America?
  IMPERATIVE	Gives a command or makes a request. Ends with a period.	Begin harvesting the wheat tomorrow.
  EXCLAMATORY	Expresses strong feeling. Ends with an exclamation mark.	How beautiful the waving wheat looks!

The Abstract Noun

Recognize an abstract noun when you see one.

Nouns name people, places, and things. One class of nouns is abstract. Your five senses cannot detect this group of nouns. You cannot see them, hear them, smell them, taste them, or feel them.

Cannot see	Cannot hear	Cannot smell	Cannot taste	Cannot touch

Check out the following example:

When Joseph dived into the violent waves to rescue a drowning puppy, his bravery amazed the crowd of fishermen standing on the dock.

Bravery, one of the nouns in this sentence, is an example of an abstract noun. You can see Joseph, the water, and the crowd. But you cannot see bravery itself. Bravery has no color, size, shape, sound, odor, flavor, or texture; it has no quality that you can see, hear, smell, taste, or touch. Any noun that escapes your five senses is an abstract noun.

Don't confuse an abstract noun with a concrete noun.

Many nouns are concrete, not abstract. Concrete nouns register on your five senses. Here is an example:

Joseph cuddled the wet puppy under his warm jacket.

Puppy is an example of a concrete noun. You can see a puppy, stroke its fur, smell its breath, and listen to it whine. You can even taste the puppy if you don't mind pulling dog hair off your tongue! Because a puppy will register on all five senses, puppy is a concrete noun.
Look over this chart contrasting abstract and concrete nouns:

Abstract Nouns

Concrete Nouns

deceit dedication curiosity trust relaxation

the President teacher cat airplane bubble bath When you have finished, try the Concrete-Abstract Nouns Quiz. COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS Proper nouns are words that name a specific person, place, thing or idea. Proper nouns are capitalized so the reader can tell them apart from common nouns. Common nouns do not name a specific person, place, thing or idea. Common nouns are not capitalized unless they are at the beginning of a sentence or part of a title. Proper - George Washington Common - man Proper - White House Common - building Proper - United States Constitution Common - document When finished, try the Common-Proper Nouns Quiz

FOR Gerunds and Infinitives CLICK BELOW http://www.lvarv.org/el-civics/EE%20III%20PDF/Gerunds%20and%20Infinitives.pdf

• EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE SENTENCES:

I shall haunt you till your dying day.

Fred finally proposed to her near the waterfall.

• EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND SENTENCES:

He fiddled with his cufflinks, and he chewed on his tie.

Fanny Dooley likes sunbathing, but she loves mooning.

She had lost her castanets, so she used her uncle's dentures.

The cat had broken their Ming vase, yet he did not seem to care.

COORDINATING CONJUCTIONS:
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO

• EXAMPLES OF COMPLEX SENTENCES

As soon as they were married, she began to miss her bulldog. (DC,IC)

The salesman swore to follow Egbert wherever he might go. (IC DC)

A list of some SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS:

after although as as soon as because before by the time even if even though every time if in case in the event that just in case now that

once only if since since the first time though unless until when whenever whereas whether or not while while

• EXAMPLES OF APPOSITIVES

Mexico City, the biggest city in the world, has many interesting archaeological sites.

Mexico City = the biggest city in the world

Denver, the capitol of Colorado, is the home of the Denver Broncos, the best football team in the US.

Denver = the capitol of Colorado
Denver Broncos = the best football team in the US.

• EXAMPLES OF METAPHOR

1. Love is a flower.

Is love actually a flower? No. This statement is a metaphor, so it passes the test. What things are being compared? LOVE to a FlOWER. (don't use like or as)

2. The Internet is the information superhighway.

Is it really a highway? No. This statement is a metaphor, so it also passes the test. What things are being compared? INTERNET to INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY.

• EXAMPLES OF SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH VERBS ENDING I-N-G:

Dashing to her next class, Desiree realized she misplaced her math book.

BEGIN YOUR DEPENDENT CLAUSE WITH A VERB ENDING WITH I-N-G.
AFTER YOU CREATE THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE, ADD A COMMA.
AFTER THE COMMA, YOU NEED AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

Jumping over the fence, the robber dashed towards the get-a-way car.

After the DC (DEPENDENT CLAUSE), Add an IC (INDEPENDENT CLAUSE) (Subject + Verb+ Predicate)

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS These conjunctions join independent clauses together. The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs:

after all

in addition

next

also	incidentally	nonetheless
as a result	indeed	on the contrary
besides	in fact	on the other hand
consequently	in other words	otherwise
finally	instead	still
for example	likewise	then
furthermore	meanwhile	therefore
hence	moreover	thus

EXAMPLE:
We didn't follow the correct procedures; as a result, the experiment was a disaster.

• .

• EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES:

I danced the night away. I had to leave the fiesta early to make it home by curfew. I didn't want Samuel's party to end. (as, but)

As - Subordinating conjunction
But - Coordinating Conjunction

As I danced the night away, I didn't want Samuel's party to end, but I had to leave the fiesta early to make it home by curfew.

COLD Words

Said - whispered, cried, screamed, hollered, shrieked, bellowed, believed, weeped, howled, wailed, blubbered, shouted, exclaimed, called, yelped, screeched Good - nice, pleasant, well-behaved, excellent, gracious, phenomenal, extraordinary, unique, fantastic, awesome, super, fabulous, wonderful, amazing, exceptional
Big - large, huge, enormous, gigantic, gargantuan, giant, immense, great whopping, extensive, massive
Small - tiny, miniature, teeny, little, microscopic, petite, undersized, minute
Laugh - chortle, chuckle, grin, guffaw, crow, titter, cackle, hoot, giggle, snicker
Slow - swagger, saunter, shuffle, meander, amble, stroll, sluggish
Happy - tickled, elated, thrilled, lighthearted, delighted, ecstatic, blissful, jovial, overjoyed, jubilant
Sad - pitiable, downhearted, woebegone, forlorn, dispirited, miserable, wretched, dejected, disheartened, depressed
Went - traveled, meandered, scurried, trotted, hurried, scuttled, rushed, darted, dashed, bustled, crept, crawled, edged, strolled, roamed, wandered, ambled, scampered
Nice - pleasant, good, kind, polite, satisfying, enjoyable, pleasing, pleasurable, lovely, amusing, cheery
Look - peer, gaze, peek, stare, glance, peep, glimpse
Eat - nibble, crunch, gobble, wolf, munch, chomp, devour, gorge, swallow, gnaw, chew, bite, snack

CLICK HERE FOR THE ONLINE THESAURUS
http://thesaurus.reference.com/browse/successful

RULES FOR SENTENCE FLUENCY

Do my sentences begin in different ways?

Are some sentences long and some short?

Is it easy to read my work out loud with expression?

Have I used transitions to help my sentences fit together?

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Gerunds and infintives can both function as the subject of a sentence:

1. Playing basketball takes up too much of her time. = GERUND
2. To play basketball for UConn is her favorite fantasy. = INFINITIVE

It is not impossible for an infinitive to appear at the beginning of a sentence as the subject (as in Ib), but it is more common for an infinitive to appear as a Subject Complement:

1. Her favorite fantasy is to play basketball for UConn. = INFINITIVE The gerund can also play this role:
   
2. Her favorite fantasy is playing basketball for UConn. = GERUND

LEARN ABOUT IDOMS BY CLICKING ON THE IDIOM ATTACHMENT BELOW!